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¿La transición energética reproducirá los mismos patrones de desarrollo en América Latina?
Nuestro profesor José Carlos Orihuela junto a Barbara Fritz y Martin Middelanis son autores del artículo académico “Greened Dependency and Development: The Political Economy of Energy Transition in Latin America – An Introduction”, publicado en la revista Journal of Globalization and Development, donde analiza los desafíos y oportunidades que la transición energética plantea para América Latina.
Desde la economía política del desarrollo, el estudio retoma el concepto de “desarrollo dependiente” para examinar cómo la región se inserta en este proceso global. El análisis aborda el rol del Estado, la gobernanza del crecimiento, el financiamiento y la política industrial, con especial atención a las energías renovables y los minerales críticos.
Abstract
Would the energy transition mean more of the same for Latin American economies? Classic political economy of development contended that latecomer economic progress was not the outcome of free trade and comparative advantage, that linkages with the domestic economy mattered, and that peripheral capitalism was not doomed to fail. In its possibilist sense, “dependent development” was both diagnosis -of common structural challenges and diverse national paths- and possibility. At the era of global energy transition, we find this overarching perspective of economic development to be still enlightening. The papers collected in this special issue draw on diverse conceptual frameworks within structuralist development theories, especially on renewed concepts of (green) industrial policy and developmentalism, and on a differentiated understanding of the creation of linkages at different scales, a so-called developmental extraction. The contributions analyze development ideas and state action in response to, as well as opportunities and challenges deriving from the energy transition. Analytically, papers cover growth governance, development finance, and industrial policy, which we conceptualize as the main contributing factors to the transition, with case study research focused on new renewable energy and critical mineral policy sectors. Our political economy of peripheral development is interdisciplinary, centered on understanding Latin American varieties of state (in)action in shaping the energy transition economy.
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